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Diabetes and Exercise
Exercise will greatly
benefit an individual with type II diabetes because
of its positive effects on insulin sensitivity.
There are two main types
of diabetes, type I and type II. Type I diabetes is
characterized by the pancreas making too little or no
insulin. An individual with diabetes type I will have
to inject insulin throughout the day in order to control
glucose levels. Type II diabetes, also known as adult
onset diabetes, is characterized by the pancreas not
producing enough insulin to control glucose levels or
the cells not responding to insulin. When a cell does
not respond to insulin, it is known as insulin resistance.
When a subject is diagnosed with type II diabetes, exercise
and weight control are prescribed as measures to help
with insulin resistance. If this does not control glucose
levels, then medication is prescribed. The risk factors
for type II diabetes include: inactivity, high cholesterol,
obesity, and hypertension. Inactivity alone is a very
strong risk factor that has been proven to lead to diabetes
type II. Exercise will have a positive effect on diabetes
type II while improving insulin sensitivity while type
I cannot be controlled be an exercise program. Over
90% of individuals with diabetes have type II.
Exercise causes the body
to process glucose faster, which lowers blood sugar.
The more intense the exercise, the faster the body will
utilize glucose. Therefore it is important to understand
the differences in training with type I and type II
diabetes. It is important for an individual who has
diabetes to check with a physician before beginning
an exercise program. When training with a diabetic,
it is important to understand the dangers of injecting
insulin immediately prior to exercise. An individual
with type I diabetes injecting their normal amount of
insulin for a sedentary situation can pose the risk
of hypoglycemia or insulin shock during exercise. General
exercise guidelines for type I are as follows: allow
adequate rest during exercise sessions to prevent high
blood pressure, use low impact exercises and avoid heavy
weight lifting, and always have a supply of carbohydrates
nearby. If blood sugar levels get too low, the individual
may feel shaky, disoriented, hungry, anxious, become
irritable or experience trembling. Consuming a carbohydrate
snack or beverage will alleviate these symptoms in a
matter of minutes.
Before engaging in exercise,
it is important for blood sugar levels to be tested
to make sure that they are not below 80 to 100 mg/dl
range and not above 250 mg/dl. Glucose levels should
also be tested before, during, after and three to five
hours after exercise. During this recovery period (3-5
hours after exercise), it is important for diabetics
to consume ample carbohydrates in order to prevent hypoglycemia.
Exercise will greatly benefit
an individual with type II diabetes because of its positive
effects on insulin sensitivity. Proper exercise and
nutrition are the best forms of prevention for type
II diabetics. It is important for training protocols
to be repeated almost daily to help with sustaining
insulin sensitivity. To prevent hypoglycemia, progressively
work up to strenuous activity.
As with individuals with
type I diabetes, carbohydrates should also be present
during training to assist in raising blood sugar levels
if the individual becomes low.
1howto.com
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